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''Authors Guild v. Google'' is a copyright case litigated in the United States. It centers on the allegations by the Authors Guild, and previously by the Association of American Publishers, that Google infringed their copyrights in developing its Google Book Search database. In late 2013, U.S. Circuit Judge Denny Chin (sitting by designation) dismissed the lawsuit, and affirmed that the Google Books program meets all legal requirements for "fair use," 〔 in what Publishers Weekly called a "ringing endorsement" of Google.〔 The Authors Guild appealed the ruling to the Second Circuit, in New York, which held oral arguments in late 2014. On October 16, 2015, the Second Circuit "rejected infringement claims from the Authors Guild and several individual writers, and found that the project provides a public service without violating intellectual property law." The Authors Guild intimated that it planned to appeal.〔"We trust that the Supreme Court will see fit to correct the Second Circuit’s reductive understanding of fair use....", Authors Guild, Oct. 16, 2015, ("2nd Circuit Leaves Authors High and Dry" ) (Press Release).〕 == Criticism == The publishing industry and writers' groups have criticized the project's inclusion of snippets of copyrighted works as infringement. Despite Google taking measures to provide full text of only works in public domain, and providing only a searchable summary online for books still under copyright protection, publishers maintain that Google has no right to copy full text of books with copyrights and save them, in large amounts, into its own database. Siva Vaidhyanathan, associate professor of Media Studies and Law at the University of Virginia has argued that the project poses a danger for the doctrine of fair use, because the fair use claims are arguably so excessive that it may cause judicial limitation of that right.〔Siva Vaidhyanathan. ("The Googlization of Everything and the Future of Copyright" ), ''University of California Davis Law Review'', volume 40 (March 2007), pp. 1207–1231, (pdf).〕 Google licensing of public domain works is also an area of concern due to using of digital watermarking techniques with the books. Some published works that are in the public domain, such as all works created by the U.S. Federal government, are still treated like other works under copyright, and therefore locked after 1922.〔Robert B. Townsend, (Google Books: Is It Good for History? ), ''Perspectives'' (September 2007).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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